A SHARIAH ANALYSIS ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS ADOPTION IN ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22452/fiqh.vol23no1.4Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Ethical Technology, Islamic Finance, Shariah Compliance, Transaction AutomationAbstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed multiple industries, including Islamic finance, where it enhances operational efficiency, automates transactions, and supports better decision-making for both customers and financial institutions. Despite these benefits, the rapid advancement of AI raises important Shariah concerns that not yet fully addresses by Shariah scholars. For instance, in automated trading, AI systems can rebalance portfolios or execute sales without human involvement, prompting questions about legal capacity, accountability, and the absence of intention or will in AI-driven actions. This study therefore aims to identify key Shariah issues arising from AI applications in Islamic finance and propose essential considerations for its implementation. A qualitative approach was employed in this study, drawing on both classical and contemporary texts of Shariah principles, and applying a doctrinal analysis to examine AI applications in the Islamic finance industry. The study finds that, from a Shariah perspective, AI is permissible in Islamic finance as a supportive tool for enhancing efficiency and decision-making. However, from a fiqh perspective, responsibility for autonomous transactions remains with accountable human or legal entities, as AI does not possess legal capacity (ahliyyah). The application of AI is permissible provided that algorithmic bias is properly mitigated to uphold justice (ʿadl) for users, and that personal data is processed with valid consent, while safeguarding privacy and preventing harm in accordance with Shariah principles. The study contributes by highlighting future directions for the adoption of AI in Islamic financial institutions (IFIs), particularly in strengthening Shariah compliance and Islamic ethics in AI applications, applying the objectives of Shariah (Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah) as a guiding lens for AI adoption and Shariah governance, as well as encouraging collaboration between scholars and industry players to enhance understanding of AI and foster innovation in IFIs.
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