التكييف الفقهي لجريمة الابتزاز عبر الوسائل الالكتروني وعقوباتها في الشريعة الإسلامية
Fiqh Adaptation (al-Takyif al-Fiqhi) of the Crime of Extortion through Electronic Means and Its Penalties in Islamic Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22452/fiqh.vol20no1.6Keywords:
al-takyif al-fiqhi, extortion, cyber crimeAbstract
The development in the technical field was accompanied by the emergence of new forms of crimes, including the crime of extortion, which moved from the traditional reality to the virtual world, and the technical means of communication became a lush ground for it. The forms and methods of committing it also varied, and accordingly this research seeks to define this crime and explain its characteristics and international legislation to reduce it. The study also seeks to clarify the jurisprudential adaptation of this emerging incident and tries to liberate the jurisprudential principle on which it is built. The researcher used the analytical descriptive approach due to its suitability for the variables of the study. The research concludes several results, the most prominent of which are: (i) the importance and necessity of al-takyif al-fiqhi to demonstrate the comprehensiveness of Islam for all facts and calamities, (ii) the crime of electronic extortion changes its form and accelerates with digital growth, the importance of holding developmental courses in the technical aspects of workers in the judicial sector, and (iii) to understand the characteristics of this milieu, so that the judge and the mufti are fully aware of the cases or fatwas referred to them that enable them to clarify the estimated punishment and prevent these crimes.
Downloads
References
Abū Dāʼūd, Sulaymān ibn al-Ashʻath. Sunan Abī Dāwud. ed Shu‘ayb al-Arnā’ūṭ wa-Ᾱkharūn. Dimashq: Dār al-Risālah al-‘Ᾱlamiyyah, 1st Edition, 2009.
Al-Albānī, Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn. Ṣahih al-Jāmiʻ al-Ṣaghīr wā Zīyādatuhu. Bayrūt: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 3nd Edition, 1988.
al-Āmidī, ʻAlī ibn Abī ʻAlī. al-Iḥkam fī Uṣūl al-Aḥkām. ed. ‘Abd al-Razāq ‘Afīfī. Bayrūt: al-Maktab al-Islāmī , 1402.
Al-Bukhari, Muḥammad bin Ismā‘īl. al-Ṣahih. ed. Muḥammad Zuhayr al-Nāṣr. Bayrūt: Dār Tawq al-Najat, 1st Edition, 2001.
Al-Bayhaqī, Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn. al-Jāmiʻ li Shuʻab al-Īmān. ed. Mukhtār Aḥmad al-Nadaūyī. al-Saʻūdīyah: Maktabat al- Rushd, 2003.
al-Fīrūzābādī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʻqūb. Baṣāʼir dhawī al-Tamyī z fī Laṭāʼif al-Kitāb al-ʻAzī z. ed. Muḥammad ʻAlī al Najjār wā ʻAbd al-ʻAlīm al-Ṭaḥāwī. Miṣr: Wizārat al-Awqāf wa- al-Shuʼūn al-Islāmī yah, 3rd Edition, 1996.
al-Fīrūzābādī, Muḥammad ibn Yaʻqūb. al-Qāmūs al-Muḥī ṭ. Bayrūt: Muʼassasat al-Risālah, 8th Edition, 2005.
al-Ḥājj, ‘Abd al-Raḥman. “Al-Ta‘ṣīl al-Fiqhī fī al-Ijtihād al- ḥadīth,” Akhlāqiyyat al-Islam, no. 3 (2019).
Al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī, Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī. Nawādir al-Uṣūl fī Aḥādīth al-Rasūl, ed. ‘Abd al-Raḥman ‘Amīrah. Bayrūt: Dār al-Jīl, 1422.
Al-Kaffawī, Abū al-Baqāʼ. al-Kulliyāt. ed. ʻAdnān Darwīsh wā Muḥammad al-Maṣrī. Bayrūt: Muʼassasat al-Risālah, 2nd Edition, 1998.
Al-Nasāʼī, Aḥmad ibn Shuʻayb. al-Sunan al-Kubrā. ed. Ḥasan ‘Abd al-Mun‘im. Bayrūt: Muʼassasat al-Risālah, 1st Edition, 2001.
Al-Qāḥṭānī, Mdāwī. al-Jarīmah al-Ilktruniyyah fī al-Mujtama‘ al- Khalījī wā kayfīyat Mūwājhatihā. al-Amānah al-ʻᾹmmah li Majlis al-Taʻāwun al-Khalījī, 2016.
Al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad. al-Mufradāt fī Gharī b al-Qurʼān. ed. Ṣafwān Dāwūdī. Dimashq: Dār al- Qalam, 2009.
al-Ṣāḥib ibn ʻAbbād, Ismāʻī l ibn ʻAbbād. al-Muḥī ṭ fī al-Lughah. ed. Muḥammad Ḥasan al-Yāsīn. Bayrūt: ʻᾹlam al-Kutub, 1994.
al-Sam‘ānī, Manṣūr ibn Muḥammad. Qawāṭiʻ al-Adillah fī Uṣūl. ed. Muḥammad Ḥasn al-Shāfī‘ī. Bayrūt: Dār al-Kutub al- ‘Ilmiyyah, 1418.
al-Sanad, ʻAbd al-Raḥmān. Jarī mat al-‘Ibtizāz. al-Riʼāsat al- ʻᾹmmah li Hayʼat al-amr bi al-Maʻrūf wa al-Nahy ʻan al- munkar. al-Saʻūdīyah: 1st Edition, 2018.
Al-Shāṭibī, Ibrāhīm ibn Mūsá. al-Muwāfaqāt fī Uṣūl al-Sharīʻah. ed. Mashhūr Āl Salmān. al-Qāhirah: Dār Ibn ‘Affān, 1st Edition, 1417.
Al-Shawūā, Muḥammad Sāmī. Thawrat al-Mʿlwmāt wā in‘ikasātuhā ‘Alā Qānūn al-ʻUqūbāt. al-Qāhirah: Dār al- Nahḍah al-ʻArabīyah, 1994.
al-Ṭabarī , Muḥammad ibn Jarī r. Jāmiʻ al-bayān ʻan taʼwīl āy al- Qurʼān. ed. Bashshār ʻAwwād Maʻrūf wā ʻIṣām Fāris al- Ḥrstānī. Bayrūt: Muʼassasat al-Risālah, 1st Edition, 1994.
Al-Zarkashī, Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd Allāh. al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh. al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Kutubī, 1994.
ʻAwaḍ, Muḥammad Muḥyī al-Dīn. “Al-jarīmah al- Munaẓẓamah”. al- Majallah al-ʻArabīya il Dirāsāt al-‘Amnīyyah, vol. 10, no. 19 (1995).
Bik, Aḥmad Ibrāhī m. ‘Ilm Uṣūl al-Fiqh. al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Anṣār, 1st Edition, 1939.
Ibn al-Athīr. al-Nihāyah fī Gharī b al-Ḥadī th. ed. Tāhr Ahmād al- Zawī wa Maḥmud al-Tnāḥī. Miṣr: al-Maktabah Islamiyyah, 1383-1963.
Ibn Fāris. Mu‘jam Maqāyī s al-Lughah. ed. ‘Abd al-Salām Hārun. Bayrūt: Dār al-Fakir,1979.
Ibn Mājah, Muḥammad ibn Yazīd. Sunan Ibn Mājah. ed. Muḥammad Fuʼād ʻAbd al-Bāqī . al-Qāhirah: Dar ‘Iḥyā’ al- Kutub al-‘Arbīyyah, 1431.
Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad ibn Mukarram. Lisān al-ʻArab. Bayrūt: Dār Ṣādir, 3nd Edition, 1414.
Mukhtār, Aḥmad wa-Ᾱkharūn. Mu‘jam al-Lughah al-ʻArabīyah al-Muʻāṣirah. al-Riyāḍ: ‘Ilm al-Kutub, 1st Edition, 2008.
Muslim bin al-Ḥajjāj. al-Sahih. ed. Muḥammad Fu’ad ‘Abd al- Bāqī. Bayrūt: Dār ‘Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī, 1st Edition, 1991.
‘Abd al-Muṭalib, Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn. al-Tā‘aml ma‘ al-Musatjidāt al- ḥadīthah.
Niẓām Mukāfaḥat al- Jarāʼim al-Maʻlūmātiyyah al-Sa‘ūdī, 2007.
Ramlī, Nūr Zakīyyah. “al- Takyīf al-Fiqhī li jarīmat al-Sariqah al- ’ilktruniyyah”. al- Majallah al-‘Urdunīyyah fī al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmīyyah, vol. 16, no. 3 (2020).
Shubīr, Muḥammad ʻUthmān. al- Takyīf al-Fiqhī li al-Waqā’i‘ al- Mustagidah. Dimashq: Dār al-Qalam, 2nd Edition, 2014.
